Roles of speakers mostly depend on the format. However, there are some common characteristics of certain roles of certain speakers which will be briefly discussed here. A more comprehensive explanation of the roles of speakers will be given in separate lectures about the formats.
Tampilkan postingan dengan label debate. Tampilkan semua postingan
Tampilkan postingan dengan label debate. Tampilkan semua postingan
Jumat, 15 Juli 2011
Individual Speech Structure
An effectively structured speech will have the following features (neither compulsory nor exhaustive):
- an interesting opening which captures the attention of the audience or helps it to warm to the speaker;
Rebuttal
Rebuttal is the process of proving that the opposing team's arguments should be accorded less weight than is claimed for them. It may consist of:
• showing that the opposing argument is based on an error of fact or an erroneous interpretation of fact;
• showing that the opposing argument is irrelevant to the proof of the topic;
• showing that the opposing argument is illogical, i.e. it involves some form of logical fallacy;
• showing that the opposing argument, while itself correct, involves unacceptable implications;
• showing that the opposing argument, while itself correct, should be accorded little weight;
• showing that the opposing argument is based on an error of fact or an erroneous interpretation of fact;
• showing that the opposing argument is irrelevant to the proof of the topic;
• showing that the opposing argument is illogical, i.e. it involves some form of logical fallacy;
• showing that the opposing argument, while itself correct, involves unacceptable implications;
• showing that the opposing argument, while itself correct, should be accorded little weight;
Senin, 11 Juli 2011
Contents of Speech in Debate
Definition
Before a debate ensues, the motion that is given must first be defined by the Affirmative team. A definition clarifies the motion. A definition gives a clear description of boundaries to the motion, thereby limiting what the debate will be about into a focused area of discussion. This prevents the debate from turning into a vague and confusing show of unrelated arguments and different interpretations from both teams of what is actually being debated among them.
Before a debate ensues, the motion that is given must first be defined by the Affirmative team. A definition clarifies the motion. A definition gives a clear description of boundaries to the motion, thereby limiting what the debate will be about into a focused area of discussion. This prevents the debate from turning into a vague and confusing show of unrelated arguments and different interpretations from both teams of what is actually being debated among them.
Motion
Motion, also known as topic, is a full propositional statement that determine what a debate shall be about. In the debate, the Affirmative team must argue to defend the propositional statement of the motion, and the Negative team must argue to oppose it. Examples of motions are:
• That cigarette companies should not be held responsible for the bad effects of smoking.
• That football is overvalued in today’s society.
• That American pop culture is a threat to civilization.
• That long is better than short.
Please note that a motion should always be in the form of a statement, not question or phrase. "That …" can also be read as "This House believes that …" or "Be it resolved that …". Motions are always for the Affirmative; the Negative would negate the statement, as in "That it is not true that …".
• That cigarette companies should not be held responsible for the bad effects of smoking.
• That football is overvalued in today’s society.
• That American pop culture is a threat to civilization.
• That long is better than short.
Please note that a motion should always be in the form of a statement, not question or phrase. "That …" can also be read as "This House believes that …" or "Be it resolved that …". Motions are always for the Affirmative; the Negative would negate the statement, as in "That it is not true that …".
Cases of Debate
In competitive debating, it is not enough for a team to simply deliver individual speeches without any structure. A team is expected to bring what is called a case. As in the legal world, a case is the collection of arguments (including facts, examples, and logical explanations) coherently based on a main idea.
A case is constructed to propose (or oppose) the motion given in a debate. In collegiate level competitions, debaters are usually given 15 to 30 minutes time to prepare their debates. During this preparation time, both teams will build their cases. It is this casebuilding process that we would discuss here.
A case is constructed to propose (or oppose) the motion given in a debate. In collegiate level competitions, debaters are usually given 15 to 30 minutes time to prepare their debates. During this preparation time, both teams will build their cases. It is this casebuilding process that we would discuss here.
Understanding Formats of Debate
To ensure proper conduct of the debates in a competitive setting, competitions usually enforce what is called a format. In collegiate level competitive debating, these formats are usually based on the debates conducted in a parliament, such as Australian Parliamentary, British Parliamentary, and Asian Parliamentary. Aspects regulated by a format include:
Minggu, 10 Juli 2011
Tips on Debating
1. You must speak clearly and loudly enough so that your voice can be heard by everyone. Remember the adjudicators will sit towards the rear of the hall so at the very least they must be able to hear what you are saying if you are to have any chance of winning. However you shouldn't shout as the halls have generally been designed so that your voice will carry towards the back.
Sabtu, 09 Juli 2011
Introduction to BP Debate System
Introduction:
This guide is aimed primarily at those of you who have little to no British Parliamentary experience. It is intended to illustrate the mechanics and basic tactics of BP. Sometimes beginners can be discouraged by BP because of various factors in the round. But BP done well can be an incredibly rewarding experience, and trying BP can improve the way you debate in other styles.
This guide is aimed primarily at those of you who have little to no British Parliamentary experience. It is intended to illustrate the mechanics and basic tactics of BP. Sometimes beginners can be discouraged by BP because of various factors in the round. But BP done well can be an incredibly rewarding experience, and trying BP can improve the way you debate in other styles.
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